Nai Media Watch in Afghanistan has presented its annual report tracking violence against journalists.

Unfortunately, 2016 was the most violent year for the media and journalists in Afghanistan in 15 years. Nai registered 415 incidents of media violations in 2016 including 13 deaths, 23 injuries, three arrests, 338 death threats and 43 violent attacks.

326 of these incidents were perpetrated by the Taliban, 64 by government officials, and 26 by unknown people.

According to the annual worldwide round-up on journalists by Reporters without Borders, Afghanistan ranked second only to Syria in being the most dangerous country for journalists.

Journalists in Afghanistan work under extremely difficult circumstances and routinely face violence, threats, and intimidation that prevent them from carrying out their work.

In Afghanistan, literacy rate is less than 40 percent and a large population lives in remote communities.

Radio is a powerful and cost-effective medium here as 75 percent of Afghan households own a radio compared to 45 percent with a television.

In communities with erratic or no electricity, wind-up radios are popular and widely accessible.

Many of the journalists killed or injured were radio journalists.

You can read a detailed report from another source here.